Indonesian songbirds face a particularly grave threat rooted in cultural demand for wild caught passerines, often used as a mark of manhood and in widespread songbird competitions.
The size and the gravity of the trade are colossal. Every poacher approximately catches 20 to 25 birds per day, the vast majority often dying due to diseases and stress before they even reach the market. The insufficient hygienic measures and inadequate facilities means these markets carry the potential to spread highly infectious zoonotic diseases. Thus posing a risk to humans, domestic animals and wild wildlife that come into contact with the captured infected individuals or its environments.